Sindler v. Brennan

same time, she submitted a preprinted Grange County Superior Court form entitled “Application and Order To Suspend Monitoring Re Bankruptcy,” giving the court notice that the case was subject to a bankruptcy court stay and requesting a suspension under California Rules of Court, rule 225(d). By checking a preprinted order on the form, the court granted the suspension and set a “Bankruptcy Review Hearing/Order to Show Cause re dismissal” for October 1997. The preprinted order further stated, “Unless plaintiff/ cross-complainant files a declaration before the above hearing date indicating why the case should not be dismissed at that time, the stayed actions will be dismissed on the Court’s own motion.” Sindler was given notice of the order.

Apparently, Sindler did not file a declaration before the hearing date, but in November 1997 she moved for relief from the stay in bankruptcy court. The bankruptcy court denied relief from the stay and ordered that her claim be removed to the federal district court under 28 United States Code section 157(b)(5). In January 1998, Sindler reported the status of the case to the superior court, declaring that the bankruptcy court “ordered that the matter remain with the federal court for purposes of trial, removing the matter from state court jurisdiction.”^[1] The superior court dismissed the case the next day.

More than a year after the superior court dismissed her case, Sindler sought an order from the federal district court to abstain from hearing her claim and to instead remand the case back to the superior court. After determining that Sindler’s claim involved purely state law issues and that the claim could properly be adjudicated in the state court, the district court granted Sindler’s request for abstention and remanded the action to the superior court on January 11, 1999.

Having received nothing from the superior court indicating its receipt of the file, Sindler made inquiries through her attorney, Mark Huston. His legal assistant, Judith Baker, called the district court and left a message “[i]n approximately the late fall of 1999.” Over the next several months, she called two or three more times, receiving no return calls. In February 2000, Baker called the superior court and learned that the case had been dismissed. In April, Huston sent a letter to the superior court asking for reinstatement of the case, but the file could not be found. Almost six months later, in October 2000, Huston engaged an attorney service to track down the file; the service discovered that the case had been dismissed in January 1998; apparently, the federal district court returned the file to the superior court sometime after February 1, 1999, and it was destroyed “per court policy” on November 29, 1999.

On November 14, 2000, Sindler brought her “Motion For Order To Set Aside Dismissal, Return Case To The Civil Active List, And Have the Court File Reconstructed From Parties’ Litigation Files.” Huston declared he did not know the action had been dismissed and the file destroyed until the report from his attorney service. Sindler asked for relief under Code of Civil Procedure section 473, subdivision (b) (relief from dismissal on the grounds of mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect) and subdivision (d) (relief from void judgment or order). The motion was denied.

Discussion

On appeal, Sindler contends the trial court erroneously denied her motion to set aside the dismissal. We agree.^[2]

A petition in bankruptcy creates an automatic stay of all judicial proceedings against the debtor. ( 11 U.S.C. § 362 (a).) Judicial proceedings in violation of the automatic stay are void. (In re Schwartz (9th Cir. 1992) 954 F.2d 569 , 571; In re Shamblin (9th Cir. 1989) 890 F.2d 123 , 125.) Accordingly, the trial court had no power to dismiss the case, and the dismissal was void.

“A judgment void on its face because rendered when the court lacked personal or subject matter jurisdiction or exceeded its jurisdiction in granting relief which the court had no power to grant, is subject to collateral attack at any time.” (Rochin v. Pat Johnson Manufacturing Co. (1998) 67 Cal.App.4th 1228 , 1239 [ 79 Cal.Rptr.2d 719 ]; see also Heidary v. Yadollahi (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 857 , 862 [ 121 Cal.Rptr.2d 695 ].) Sindler correctly moved to set aside the dismissal under Code of Civil Procedure, section 473, subdivision (d), which provides: “The court may, ... on motion of either party after notice to the other party, set aside any void judgment or order.”

Brennan complains that Sindler invited the dismissal by asking the trial court to suspend monitoring, pointing out that she received notice of the order to show cause re dismissal on the Orange County Superior Court form granting the request to suspend monitoring. But the trial court’s intent, and ultimate decision, to dismiss the case does not change the fact that it had no power to do so. With respect to a case subject to a bankruptcy stay, the form is incorrect and misleading. California Rules of Court, rule 225(d), to which the form refers, requires parties to litigation stayed by a bankruptcy proceeding to give the superior court notice of the imposition and vacation of the