Majority
Opinion
Following a preliminary hearing, on June 15, 2011, Anthony Scott (Scott) was held to answer to one count of second degree robbery (Pen. Code, §§ 211, 212.5; count one). Subsequently, on June 23, 2011, the Santa Clara County District Attorney filed an information in which Scott was charged with one count of second degree robbery (§§ 211, 212.5; count one),[1] one misdemeanor count of grand theft (§§ 484, 487; count two), one count of battery (§§ 242, 243, subd. (a); count three) and one count of disturbing the peace (§415; count four).
On June 27, 2011, at a hearing before Judge Pennypacker on the master trial calendar, the district attorney moved the court to dismiss count one (the only felony) for insufficiency of the evidence. After the court dismissed the robbery count, the court asked defense counsel, “And the pleas as to Counts 2, 3, and 4, the misdemeanors?” Defense counsel responded, “Not guilty,
1 All undesignated section references are to the Penal Code.
On July 5, 2011, Scott entered a time waiver and the matter was continued to August 2, 2011, in department 49. On August 2, the matter was continued again until September 1, in department 49. Eventually, on the day set for trial in department 47-—November 14, 2011—the prosecutor filed a “First Amended” misdemeanor complaint in which Scott was charged with one count of petty theft of personal property (§§ 484, subd. (a), 488; count one) one count of battery (§§ 242, 243, subd. (a); count two) and one count of disturbing the peace (§ 415; count three). After a jury trial on these three misdemeanors, Scott was found guilty as charged.
On November 22, 2011, Scott filed a “Misdemeanor” notice of appeal.
Appellate Jurisdiction
At the outset of this case, we questioned whether appellate jurisdiction was vested in this court or the appellate division of the superior court.
We asked the parties to brief the issue. The Attorney General responded that appellate jurisdiction in this case was vested in the appellate division of the superior court. Therefore, pursuant to this court’s inherent power to ensure the orderly administration of justice, the Attorney General requested that we transfer the matter there. Scott did not agree. Scott argued that the misdemeanor complaint filed in this case should not defeat jurisdiction because it was a formality, filed on the first day of trial, which did not change the essential nature of the case. Scott asserted that the charging document that vested jurisdiction in this court had already been filed and the amended pleading merely reduced the grand theft charge to petty theft and a new case number was not assigned. Scott contended that there is no reason to treat this case as anything but a felony for purposes of determining appellate jurisdiction.
On May 10, 2013, we transferred jurisdiction over this case to the appellate division of the superior court for disposition.
Subsequently, Scott petitioned the California Supreme Court to review our interlocutory order. The Supreme Court granted review and transferred the case back to this court with directions to vacate our May 10, 2013 order transferring the case to Santa Clara County Superior Court Appellate Division, and to order respondent to show cause why the appeal in People v. Scott, H037681, should not be heard by this court. Respondent has filed a return to the order to show cause and Scott has filed a reply.
Discussion
California Rules of Court, rule 8.304 (hereafter rule 8.304) governs the filing of appeals in the Court of Appeal. Subdivision (a) provides in pertinent part, “(1) To appeal from a judgment or an appealable order of the superior court in a felony case ... the defendant or the People must file a notice of appeal in that superior court. . . . [f] (2) As used in (1), ‘felony case’ means any criminal action in which a felony is charged, regardless of the outcome. . . . [It] includes an action in which the defendant is charged with: [f] (A) A felony and a misdemeanor or infraction, but is convicted of only the misdemeanor or infraction; [][] (B) A felony, but is convicted of only a lesser offense; or (C) An offense filed as a felony but punishable as either a felony or a misdemeanor, and the offense is thereafter deemed a misdemeanor under . . . section 17(b).” (Italics added.)
Similarly, section 1235, subdivision (b) provides that “[a]n appeal from a judgment or appealable order in a felony case is to the court of appeal for the district in which the court from which the appeal is taken is located.”
Section 691 provides the necessary definitions. “ ‘Felony case’ means a criminal action in which a felony is charged and includes a criminal action in which a misdemeanor or infraction is charged in conjunction with a felony.” (§ 691, subd. (f), italics added.) A “ ‘[misdemeanor or infraction case’ means a criminal action in which a misdemeanor or infraction is charged and does not include a criminal action in which a felony is charged in conjunction with a misdemeanor or infraction.” (§691, subd. (g), italics added.)
The Advisory Committee comment to rule 8.304 explains that rule 8.304 “makes it clear that a ‘felony case’ is an action in which a felony is charged regardless of the outcome of the action.” The comment goes on to state, “[t]hus the question whether to file a notice of appeal under this rule or under the rules governing appeals to the appellate division of the superior court (rule 8.700 et seq.) is answered simply by examining the accusatory pleading: if that document charged the defendant with at least one count of
A review of the cases cited in the Advisory Committee comment quoted above convinces this court that this case is a misdemeanor case.
In People v. Brown, supra, 10 Cal.App.3d 169 (Brown), which was decided prior to unification of the municipal and superior courts, an information accused the defendant of a felony (burglary) and a misdemeanor (contributing to the delinquency of her two minor daughters). (Id. at p. 171.) The jury deadlocked on the burglary charge but found the defendant guilty of contributing to her daughters’ delinquency. She was sentenced to county jail and fined. (Ibid.)
In People v. Spreckels, supra, 125 Cal.App.2d 507 (Spreckels), the defendant was charged with the crime of assault by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury, a felony. (§ 245.) Following a trial on that charge, the jury returned the following verdict; “ ‘Guilty of the crime of Misdemeanor, to wit, Simple Assault, a lesser offense necessarily included within the crime charged.’ ” (125 Cal.App.2d at p. 509.)
In People v. Douglas, supra, 20 Cal.4th 85 (Douglas), the defendant was charged with one count each of obtaining by a false declaration more than $400 in health care benefits, for which he was ineligible (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 14014), and grand theft from the State of California (§ 487, subd. (a)), both charged as felonies. He pleaded no contest to both counts. According to the change of plea form and colloquy, the defendant’s plea was based on representations from the trial court that it would treat both offenses as misdemeanors pursuant to section 17 and would place him on probation for three years with no additional jail time. (20 Cal.4th at p. 88.)
2 In Clark, a case that occurred before trial court unification, the Court of Appeal consolidated two different matters that were separately filed, briefed and argued; the court elected to deal with the two matters in a single opinion because they both raised problems concerning the jurisdiction and powers of a superior court in cases involving felony offenses connected with misdemeanor offenses. (Clark, supra, 17 Cal.App.3d at p. 893.) Defendant Clark was charged with a violation of section 11482 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, a misdemeanor, and with a violation of subdivision 1 of former section 487, a felony. The misdemeanor count and the felony count were properly and necessarily joined by virtue of the rule of Kellett v. Superior Court (1966) 63 Cal.2d 822 [ 48 Cal.Rptr. 366 , 409 P.2d 206 ], After Clark was bound over to trial in superior court, the matter was continued several times because of a pending Supreme Court decision. In People v. Gilbert (1969) 1 Cal.3d 475 , 479-480 [ 82 Cal.Rptr. 724 , 462 R2d 580 ], the Supreme Court held that a prosecution for welfare fraud could not be prosecuted as grand theft under section 484 and that only a prosecution under the misdemeanor statute was permissible. Based on the holding in Gilbert, the grand theft count was dismissed on motion by the People, leaving only the misdemeanor count standing against defendant Clark. Clark moved to have the case dismissed on the ground that the superior court had no jurisdiction over a misdemeanor not joined with a felony; the motion was denied. Clark’s petition for a writ of prohibition was denied by the Court of Appeal without opinion. Thereafter, the case was submitted to the trial court on the transcript of the preliminary examination; Clark was found guilty; proceedings were suspended and Clark was placed on probation. She appealed from the judgment (order granting probation). (Clark, supra, at p. 894.) The Clark court held that defendant Clark should have sought to have the case transferred to the municipal court, rather than seek an absolute dismissal of the case, to which she was not entitled; and the fact that she was tried in superior court did not prejudice her. (Id. at pp. 897-898.)
In each of the aforementioned cases, with the exception of Clark,[4] the felony count was either tried or as in the Douglas case the defendant pleaded guilty to the felony counts. In contrast, in this case, the felony count was dismissed before trial and Scott was charged by an “amended” complaint with only three misdemeanors. At this point, Scott stood charged with misdemeanors and no felony counts. It is axiomatic that for all intents and purposes this is a case in which Scott was not charged with a felony. Based on Brown, Spreckels, Douglas and Clark, and a close reading of the Advisory Committee comment to rule 8.304, we are convinced that the “regardless of the outcome” language in rule 8.304 does not extend to cases wherein the felony count is dismissed entirely, because in this situation there is no “prosecution.”
Scott has complained at length that the misdemeanor complaint “was a formality, filed on the first day of trial, that did not change the essential nature of the case.” “As stated in Wright v. Rogers [(1959)] 172 Cal.App.2d 349 , 361 [ 342 P.2d 447 ]: 1 “It is well established that an amendatory pleading supersedes the original one, which ceases to perform any function as a pleading. . . .” (Meyer v. State Board of Equalization [(1954)] 42 Cal.2d 376 ,
3 The trial judge in Clark had explained his reasons for changing the charge to a misdemeanor as follows: “ ‘The court is unaware that this offense has ever been ultimately disposed of as a felony, although the Code does make it an alternative felony-misdemeanor. The Court is aware that the departments of this court are so jammed with criminal cases that it is an undue and unreasonable imposition on the court and on the judges of this court to entertain matters of this nature in the Superior Court. The law has been amended to provide for the filing of these kinds of charges in the Municipal Court; that is where they ultimately would be disposed of and that is where this case is now being certified.’ ” (Clark, supra, 17 Cal.App.3d at p. 895.)
4 In Clark, the felony count for defendant Tail should have been tried (Clark, supra, 17 Cal.App.3d at p. 899) and in the case of defendant Clark, she should have requested that her case be transferred to the municipal court (id. at pp. 897-898).
Furthermore, we cannot agree with Scott’s contention that appellate jurisdiction vested in this court when the original information was filed charging him with a felony. It is well established that a timely notice of appeal vests jurisdiction in an appellate court. (Adoption of Alexander S. (1988) 44 Cal.3d 857 , 864 [ 245 Cal.Rptr. 1 , 750 P.2d 778 ].)
The superior court recognized that this was a misdemeanor case and set the trial in a misdemeanor department.[5] Scott’s trial counsel recognized that this was a misdemeanor case and filed a misdemeanor notice of appeal (Judicial Council form CR-132), Judicial Council form CR-134—-Notice Regarding Record of Oral Proceedings (Misdemeanor), and Judicial Council form CR-133—Request for Court-Appointed Lawyer in Misdemeanor Appeal.
Finally, Scott argues that if the information had been dismissed, the first amended misdemeanor complaint would have been barred because section 1387 provides that one previous dismissal of a charge for the same offense will bar a new misdemeanor charge. Scott asserts that the information alleged the same theft offense as the first amended misdemeanor complaint. Accordingly, he contends that if the entire information was dismissed the first amended complaint was barred. We reject Scott’s argument.
For purposes of section 1387, subdivision (a), the misdemeanor prosecution in this case was not “for the same offense” as that charged in the prior information. In Burris v. Superior Court (2005) 34 Cal.4th 1012 [ 22 Cal.Rptr.3d 876 , 103 P.3d 276 ], the California Supreme Court suggested that “[w]hen two crimes have the same elements, they are the same offense for purposes of . . . section 1387.” (Id. at pp. 1016-1017, fn. 3.) The information charged Scott with “GRAND THEFT PERSON,” one element of which is that the “money, labor, or real or personal property taken is of a value exceeding nine hundred fifty dollars ($950) . . . .” (§ 487; see CALCRIM Nos. 1800 [theft], 1801 [degrees; defendant committed grand theft if he or she stole property or services worth more than $950].) Petty theft has no such requirement. Section 1387 only applies to successive prosecutions for the same offense. (People v. Traylor (2009) 46 Cal.4th 1205 , 1212 [ 96 Cal.Rptr.3d 277 , 210 P.3d 433 ] (Traylor).) Further, petty theft is a lesser and necessarily included offense of grand theft. (Gomez v. Superior Court (1958) 50 Cal.2d 640 , 643-647 [ 328 P.2d 976 ].) “[W]hen a prosecution for a greater offense,
5 We have taken judicial notice of the fact that department 47 of the Santa Clara County Superior Court, the department in which Scott was tried, is a limited jurisdiction courtroom.
Having determined that the effective pleading in this case charged Scott with only three misdemeanors, the appeal is not properly before this court pursuant to California Rules of Court, rule 8.304. Therefore, this matter must be transferred back to the appellate division of the superior court for disposition.
Disposition
This case is hereby transferred to the appellate division of the Santa Clara County Superior Court. (Gov. Code, § 68915.)
Rushing, P. J., and Premo, J., concurred.
A petition for a rehearing was denied December 6, 2013, and appellant’s petition for review by the Supreme Court was denied February 11, 2014, S215259.
6 The importance of Traylor is that it strictly construed section 1387’s use of the language “same offense.” It rejected that “section 1387(a) should apply to all charges arising from the same conduct or behavior of the defendant ...” finding that the statutory language “belies such a necessarily broad construction.” (Traylor, supra, 46 Cal.4th at p. 1213, fn. 6.)
Cases cited
- Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. v. Superior Court 200 Cal.App.3d 272 at 284 p. 529
- U.D. Registry, Inc. v. Superior Court 39 Cal.App.4th 1241 at 1243 p. 529
- People v. Brown 10 Cal.App.3d 169 p. 530
- People v. Spreckels 125 Cal.App.2d 507 p. 530
- People v. Douglas 20 Cal.4th 85 p. 530
- People v. Clark 17 Cal.App.3d 890 p. 530, p. 531
- Wright v. Rogers 172 Cal.App.2d 349 at 361 p. 532
- Meyer v. State Board of Equalization 42 Cal.2d 376 p. 532
- People v. Mack 197 Cal.App.2d 574 at 578 p. 533
- Mark H. v. Tudor G. 44 Cal.3d 857 at 864 p. 533
- Burris v. Superior Court 34 Cal.4th 1012 p. 533
- People v. Traylor 46 Cal.4th 1205 at 1212 p. 533
- Gomez v. Superior Court 50 Cal.2d 640 at 643-647 p. 533