UKPGA-2023-37 — Illegal Migration Act 2023

preamble

Be it enacted by the King’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

s. 1 — Introduction

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s. 2 — Duty to make arrangements for removal

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s. 3 — Amendment of date in section 2(3) etc

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s. 4 — Unaccompanied children and power to provide for exceptions

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s. 5 — Disregard of certain claims, applications etc

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s. 6 — Removal for the purposes of section 2 or 4

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s. 7 — Powers to amend Schedule 1

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s. 8 — Further provisions about removal

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s. 9 — Support where asylum claim inadmissible

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s. 10 — Other consequential amendments relating to removal

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s. 11 — Powers of detention

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s. 12 — Period for which persons may be detained

s. 12(1)

In Schedule 2 to the Immigration Act 1971 (administrative provisions as to control on entry etc.)—

s. 12(1)(a)

in paragraph 16 (powers to detain), after sub-paragraph (4) insert—;

s. 12(1)(b)

after paragraph 17 insert—

s. 12(2)

In paragraph 2 of Schedule 3 to the Immigration Act 1971 (detention or control pending deportation)—

s. 12(2)(a)

after sub-paragraph (3) insert—;

s. 12(2)(b)

in sub-paragraph (4), for “17 to 18A” substitute “17, 18, 18A”.

s. 12(3)

In section 10(9) of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 (application of Schedule 2 to the Immigration Act 1971 in relation to persons unlawfully in the United Kingdom)—

s. 12(3)(a)

in paragraph (b), for “16(2) to (4)” substitute “16(2) to (2B), (3) and (4)”;

s. 12(3)(b)

after paragraph (c) insert—.

s. 12(4)

In section 62 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (detention by Secretary of State)—

s. 12(4)(a)

after subsection (2M) (inserted by section 11(6)), insert—;

s. 12(4)(b)

in subsection (3), in the opening words, after “under that Schedule” insert “, other than paragraph 17A,”.

s. 12(5)

In section 36 of the UK Borders Act 2007 (detention relating to deportation), after subsection (1) insert—

s. 12(6)

In regulation 32 of the Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/1052) as it continues to have effect following its revocation (person subject to removal), for paragraph (1) substitute—

s. 13 — Powers to grant immigration bail

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s. 14 — Disapplication of duty to consult Independent Family Returns Panel

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s. 15 — Electronic devices etc

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s. 16 — Accommodation and other support for unaccompanied migrant children

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s. 17 — Transfer of children from Secretary of State to local authority and vice versa

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s. 18 — Duty of local authority to provide information to the Secretary of State

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s. 19 — Enforcement of local authorities’ duties under sections 17 and 18

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s. 20 — Extension to Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

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s. 21 — Transfer of children between local authorities

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s. 22 — Provisions relating to removal and leave

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s. 23 — Provisions relating to support: England and Wales

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s. 24 — Provisions relating to support: Scotland

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s. 25 — Provisions relating to support: Northern Ireland

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s. 26 — Suspension and revival of sections 22 to 25

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s. 27 — Procedure for certain regulations under section 26

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s. 28 — Amendments relating to sections 22 to 25

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s. 29 — Disapplication of modern slavery provisions

s. 29(1)

Section 63 of the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 (identified potential victims of slavery or human trafficking: disqualification from protection) is amended as follows.

s. 29(2)

In subsection (1)—

s. 29(2)(a)

for “may” substitute “must”, and

s. 29(2)(b)

after paragraph (b) insert—

s. 29(3)

After subsection (2) insert—

s. 29(4)

In subsection (3)—

s. 29(4)(a)

for paragraph (f) substitute—, and

s. 29(4)(b)

after paragraph (f) insert—.

s. 29(5)

After subsection (5) insert—

s. 29(6)

An amendment made by a provision of this section applies in relation to a person whether a positive reasonable grounds decision or a positive conclusive grounds decision within the meaning of Part 5 of the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 was made in relation to the person before or after the coming into force of the provision making the amendment.

s. 30 — Entry into and settlement in the United Kingdom

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s. 31 — Persons prevented from obtaining British citizenship etc

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s. 32 — British citizenship

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s. 33 — British overseas territories citizenship

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s. 34 — British overseas citizenship

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s. 35 — British subjects

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s. 36 — Disapplication of sections 32 to 35

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s. 37 — Amendments relating to sections 32 to 36

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s. 38 — Suspensive claims: interpretation

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s. 39 — Serious harm suspensive claims: interpretation

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s. 40 — Meaning of “serious and irreversible harm”

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s. 41 — Relationship with other proceedings

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s. 42 — Serious harm suspensive claims

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s. 43 — Removal conditions suspensive claims

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s. 44 — Appeals in relation to suspensive claims

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s. 45 — Permission to appeal in relation to suspensive claims certified as clearly unfounded

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s. 46 — Suspensive claims out of time

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s. 47 — Suspensive claims: duty to remove

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s. 48 — Upper Tribunal consideration of new matters

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s. 49 — Appeals in relation to suspensive claims: timing

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s. 50 — Procedure for Tribunal Procedure Rules

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s. 51 — Finality of certain decisions by the Upper Tribunal

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s. 52 — Judges of First-tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal

In section 5(1) of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 (judges and other members of the Upper Tribunal), after paragraph (c) insert—.

s. 53 — Special Immigration Appeals Commission

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s. 54 — Interim remedies

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s. 55 — Interim measures of the European Court of Human Rights

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s. 56 — Legal aid

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s. 57 — Decisions relating to a person’s age

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s. 58 — Age assessments: power to make provision about refusal to consent to scientific methods

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s. 59 — Inadmissibility of certain asylum and human rights claims

s. 59(1)

Part 4A of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (inadmissible asylum claims) is amended as follows.

s. 59(2)

In section 80A (asylum claims by EU nationals)—

s. 59(2)(a)

in subsection (1)—

s. 59(2)(a)(i)

after “claim” insert “or a human rights claim”;

s. 59(2)(a)(ii)

for “member State” substitute “State listed in section 80AA(1)”;

s. 59(2)(b)

in subsection (2), for “An asylum” substitute “A”;

s. 59(2)(c)

in subsection (3)—

s. 59(2)(c)(i)

for “an asylum” substitute “a”;

s. 59(2)(c)(ii)

after “82(1)(a)” insert “or (b)”;

s. 59(2)(c)(iii)

after “protection claim” insert “or human rights claim”;

s. 59(2)(d)

in subsection (5)—

s. 59(2)(d)(i)

in the words before paragraph (a), omit from “where” to “national”;

s. 59(2)(d)(ii)

in paragraph (a), at the beginning insert “in a case where the claimant is a national of a State that is a signatory to the Human Rights Convention, where that State”;

s. 59(2)(d)(iii)

in paragraph (b), at the beginning insert “in a case where the claimant is a national of a member State, where that State”;

s. 59(2)(e)

in subsection (6)—

s. 59(2)(e)(i)

after “this section” insert “and section 80AA”;

s. 59(2)(e)(ii)

after “claim”,” insert ““human rights claim”,”;

s. 59(2)(e)(iii)

at the appropriate place insert—;

s. 59(2)(f)

for the heading, substitute “Claims by nationals of listed safe States”.

s. 59(3)

After section 80A insert—

s. 59(4)

In the heading to Part 4A, after “Asylum” insert “and Human Rights”.

s. 60 — Cap on number of entrants using safe and legal routes

s. 60(1)

The Secretary of State must make regulations specifying the maximum number of persons who may enter the United Kingdom annually using safe and legal routes (see subsection (7)).

s. 60(2)

Before making the regulations the Secretary of State must consult—

s. 60(2)(a)

in England and Wales and Scotland, such representatives of local authorities as the Secretary of State considers appropriate,

s. 60(2)(b)

the Executive Office in Northern Ireland, and

s. 60(2)(c)

such other persons or bodies as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.

s. 60(3)

But the duty to consult does not apply where the Secretary of State considers that the number needs to be changed as a matter of urgency.

s. 60(4)

The Secretary of State must begin the consultation under subsection (2) in relation to the first regulations to be made under this section before the end of the period of 3 months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

s. 60(5)

If in any year the number of persons who enter the United Kingdom using safe and legal routes exceeds the number specified in the regulations, the Secretary of State must lay a statement before Parliament—

s. 60(5)(a)

setting out the number of persons who have, in that year, entered the United Kingdom using safe and legal routes, and

s. 60(5)(b)

explaining why the number exceeds that specified in the regulations.

s. 60(6)

The statement must be laid before Parliament before the end of the period of six months beginning with the day after the last day of the year to which the statement relates.

s. 60(7)

In this section—“local authority” means—in England and Wales, a county council, a county borough council, a district council, a London borough council, the Common Council of the City of London or the Council of the Isles of Scilly, and in Scotland, a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994;“safe and legal route” means a route specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.

s. 61 — Report on safe and legal routes

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s. 62 — Credibility of claimant: concealment of information etc

s. 62(1)

Section 8 of the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004 (claimant’s credibility) is amended as follows.

s. 62(2)

In subsection (3)—

s. 62(2)(a)

in paragraphs (a) and (c) for “a passport” substitute “an identity document”;

s. 62(2)(b)

in paragraph (b) for “passport” substitute “identity document”;

s. 62(2)(c)

after paragraph (d) (but before the “and”) insert—.

s. 62(3)

In subsection (7)—

s. 62(3)(a)

insert at the appropriate place—;;

s. 62(3)(b)

omit the definition of “passport”.

s. 62(4)

In subsection (8) for “A passport” substitute “An identity document”.

s. 63 — Financial provision

There is to be paid out of money provided by Parliament—

s. 63(a)

any expenditure incurred under or by virtue of this Act by a Minister of the Crown, and

s. 63(b)

any increase attributable to this Act in the sums payable under any other Act out of money so provided.

s. 64 — Consequential and minor provision

s. 64(1)

The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision that is consequential on this Act.

s. 64(2)

Regulations under subsection (1) may, in particular, amend, repeal or revoke any enactment passed or made before, or in the same Session as, this Act.

s. 64(3)

In subsection (2) “enactment” includes—

s. 64(3)(a)

an enactment contained in subordinate legislation within the meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978;

s. 64(3)(b)

an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under, an Act of the Scottish Parliament;

s. 64(3)(c)

an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under, a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru;

s. 64(3)(d)

an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under, Northern Ireland legislation.

s. 64(4)

In section 61(2) of the UK Borders Act 2007 (meaning of “the Immigration Acts”)—

s. 64(4)(a)

omit the “and” at the end of paragraph (l), and

s. 64(4)(b)

after paragraph (m) insert

s. 64(5)

In Schedule 5 to the Nationality and Borders Act 2022, in paragraph 8, omit sub-paragraph (2).

s. 65 — Regulations

s. 65(1)

A power to make regulations under this Act is exercisable by statutory instrument.

s. 65(2)

Regulations under this Act may make—

s. 65(2)(a)

consequential, supplementary, incidental, transitional or saving provision;

s. 65(2)(b)

different provision for different purposes.

s. 65(3)

Subsection (2) does not apply to regulations under section 68(1) (commencement).

s. 65(4)

A statutory instrument containing (whether alone or with other provision)—may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before and approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.

s. 65(4)(a)

regulations under section 4(3)(d) (circumstances in which power to make arrangements for removal of unaccompanied child applies),

s. 65(4)(b)

regulations under section 7(1) (powers to amend Schedule 1),

s. 65(4)(c)

regulations under section 20(1) (extension to Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland),

s. 65(4)(d)

regulations under section 24(9) (amendments in consequence of regulations made by the Scottish Ministers),

s. 65(4)(e)

regulations under section 26(3)(b) (continuation of operation of modern slavery provisions),

s. 65(4)(f)

regulations under section 40 (meaning of “serious and irreversible harm”),

s. 65(4)(g)

regulations under section 60 (cap on number of entrants using safe and legal routes),

s. 65(4)(h)

regulations under section 64(1) (consequential provision) which amend, repeal or revoke primary legislation, or

s. 65(4)(i)

regulations under paragraph 10 of Schedule 2 (powers relating to relevant articles containing items subject to legal privilege),

s. 65(5)

Any other statutory instrument containing regulations under this Act for which no Parliamentary procedure is otherwise specified by this Act is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

s. 65(6)

Subsection (5) does not apply to a statutory instrument containing only regulations under—

s. 65(6)(a)

section 26(8) (transitional etc provision in connection with suspension of operation of modern slavery provisions);

s. 65(6)(b)

section 68 (commencement).

s. 65(7)

In this section “primary legislation” means—

s. 65(7)(a)

an Act of Parliament,

s. 65(7)(b)

an Act of the Scottish Parliament,

s. 65(7)(c)

a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru, or

s. 65(7)(d)

Northern Ireland legislation.

s. 66 — Defined expressions

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s. 67 — Extent

s. 67(1)

This Act extends to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, subject as follows.

s. 67(2)

Section 23 extends to England and Wales only.

s. 67(3)

Section 24 extends to Scotland only.

s. 67(4)

Section 25 extends to Northern Ireland only.

s. 67(5)

Subsections (7) to (10) of section 4 (and section 65 so far as applying to those subsections) also extend to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man and the British overseas territories, but only so as to enable regulations under subsection (7) of section 4 to make provision for any of sections 31 to 36 to have effect with modifications in relation to a person to whom regulations under that subsection apply.

s. 67(6)

Sections 31 to 37 also extend to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man and the British overseas territories.

s. 67(7)

His Majesty may by Order in Council provide for any of the provisions of this Act to extend, with or without modifications, to any of the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.

s. 67(8)

Subsection (7) does not apply to—

s. 67(8)(a)

sections 4(7) to (10) and 65, so far as they extend to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man by virtue of subsection (5), or

s. 67(8)(b)

sections 31 to 37.

s. 67(9)

Any amendment, repeal or revocation made by this Act has the same extent within the United Kingdom as the provision to which it relates.

s. 67(10)

A power under any provision listed in subsection (11) may be exercised so as to extend (with or without modifications) to any of the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man any amendment or repeal made by or under this Act of any part of an Act to which the provision listed in subsection (11) relates.

s. 67(11)

Those provisions are—

s. 67(11)(a)

section 36 of the Immigration Act 1971,

s. 67(11)(b)

section 9(3) of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997,

s. 67(11)(c)

section 170(7) of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999,

s. 67(11)(d)

section 163(4) of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002,

s. 67(11)(e)

section 49(3) of the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc) Act 2004,

s. 67(11)(f)

section 60(4) of the UK Borders Act 2007,

s. 67(11)(g)

section 57(5) of the Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009,

s. 67(11)(h)

section 60(6) of the Modern Slavery Act 2015,

s. 67(11)(i)

section 95(5) of the Immigration Act 2016, and

s. 67(11)(j)

section 86(4) of the Nationality and Borders Act 2022.

s. 68 — Commencement

s. 68(1)

Subject to subsections (3) and (4), this Act comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.

s. 68(2)

Regulations under subsection (1) may appoint different days for different purposes.

s. 68(3)

The following provisions come into force on the day on which this Act is passed—

s. 68(3)(a)

sections 30 to 37;

s. 68(3)(b)

section 52;

s. 68(3)(c)

sections 63 to 67;

s. 68(3)(d)

this section;

s. 68(3)(e)

section 69.

s. 68(4)

The following provisions come into force on the day on which this Act is passed for the purposes of making regulations—

s. 68(4)(a)

section 3 (amendment of date in section 2(3) etc);

s. 68(4)(b)

section 4 (unaccompanied children and power to provide for exceptions);

s. 68(4)(c)

section 7 (powers to amend Schedule 1);

s. 68(4)(d)

section 11(2) (detention under authority of immigration officer);

s. 68(4)(e)

section 11(6) (detention under authority of Secretary of State);

s. 68(4)(f)

section 18 (duty of local authority to provide information to Secretary of State);

s. 68(4)(g)

section 20 (extension of provisions relating to unaccompanied children to Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland);

s. 68(4)(h)

section 24 (modern slavery: support in Scotland);

s. 68(4)(i)

section 40 (meaning of “serious and irreversible harm”);

s. 68(4)(j)

section 42 (serious harm suspensive claims);

s. 68(4)(k)

section 43 (removal conditions suspensive claims);

s. 68(4)(l)

section 60(7) (definition of safe and legal routes).

s. 68(5)

The Secretary of State may by regulations make transitional or saving provision in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act.

s. 69 — Short title

This Act may be cited as the Illegal Migration Act 2023.

Sch 1

Countries or territories to which a person may be removed

Sch 1 para 1

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Sch 1 para 23

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Sch 1 para 24

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Sch 1 para 25

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Sch 1 para 26

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Sch 1 para 27

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Sch 1 para 28

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Sch 1 para 29

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Sch 1 para 30

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Sch 1 para 31

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Sch 1 para 32

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Sch 1 para 33

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Sch 1 para 34

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Sch 1 para 35

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Sch 1 para 36

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Sch 1 para 37

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Sch 1 para 38

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Sch 1 para 39

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Sch 1 para 40

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Sch 1 para 41

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Sch 1 para 42

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Sch 1 para 43

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Sch 1 para 44

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Sch 1 para 45

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Sch 1 para 46

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Sch 1 para 47

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Sch 1 para 48

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Sch 1 para 49

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Sch 1 para 50

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Sch 1 para 51

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Sch 1 para 52

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Sch 1 para 53

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Sch 1 para 54

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Sch 1 para 55

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Sch 1 para 56

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Sch 1 para 57

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Sch 2

Electronic devices etc

Sch 2 para 1 — Introduction

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Sch 2 para 2 — Introduction

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Sch 2 para 3 — Power to search relevant persons

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Sch 2 para 4 — Power to search vehicles and containers

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Sch 2 para 5 — Power to search premises

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Sch 2 para 6 — Power to search property

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Sch 2 para 7 — Power of seizure

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Sch 2 para 8 — Power of retention

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Sch 2 para 9 — Power to access, copy and use information stored on relevant article

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Sch 2 para 10 — Relevant articles containing items subject to legal privilege

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Sch 2 para 11 — Extension of powers to other persons

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UKPGA-2023-37 Illegal Migration Act 2023 UK

Introduction

Duty to make arrangements for removal

Detention, bail etc

Unaccompanied children

Modern slavery

Entry, settlement and citizenship

Legal proceedings

Age assessments etc

Inadmissibility of certain asylum and human rights claims

Safe and legal routes

Credibility of claimant

General